定语从句一直都是英语翻译中的重难点,这一点在法律翻译方面体现的尤为明显,因为作为以追求严谨、精确著称的法律语言,法律英语中冗长复杂的法律句子出现的频率非常高。这些长句的形成,是因为句子中有众多起修饰作用的定语和状语。只有理清句子中出现的各种各样的定语和状语,才能化繁为简,准确的传达原文的意思。今天,我们将结合一些例句,探讨一下法律英语翻译中定语从句的翻译。
定语从句(Attributive Clause)分为限制性(Restrictive)定语从句和非限制性(Non-restrictive)定语从句两种,都放在先行词后面。两者的主要区别在于:1.形式不同,限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句与主句通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。2. 功能不同,限制性定语从句对于先行词的意思进行修饰和限制,如果去掉,可能会导致句意不完整或模糊,而非限制性定语从句仅仅对先行词作补充性的叙述或说明,两者关系并非特别紧密,即使省略,句意依然完整、清楚。
两种定语从句的差别使得我们在翻译时也要相应作出不同的处理:翻译限制性定语从句时,一般情况下,定语修饰成分译成汉语中的前置定语,修饰原文里的先行词;而翻译非限制性定语从句时,一般将定语从句后置,对先行词加以补充说明或解释。如:
(限制性定语-译为前置定语)
例句1:
The Parties have entered into this Agreement to agree the terms on which the Custodian Securities Account will be operated and maintained and, the circumstances in which the Custodian shall take instructions from the Facility Agent in relation to the operation and maintenance of the Custodian Securities Account.
各方已签订本协议,约定操作及维持保管人证券账户的条款,以及保管人应采纳信贷代理人发出的有关操作及维持保管人证券账户的指示的情形。
例句2:
The Custodian shall fully indemnify the Facility Agent from and against all claims, costs, expenses (including legal expenses on a full indemnity basis) which the Facility Agent may suffer or reasonably incur directly or indirectly as a result of, or in connection with, or arising out of the Custodian’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement or otherwise its failure to carry out its obligations hereunder.
保管人应完全弥偿信贷代理人直接或间接因保管人违反或未履行其在本协议下的义务而遭受或合理发生的所有索赔、成本及费用(包括基于完全弥偿基础上的法律费用)。
(非限制性定语-对先行词加以补充说明)
例句3:
"FATCA" means: (b)any treaty, law or regulation of any other jurisdiction, or relating to an intergovernmental agreement between the US and any other jurisdiction, which (in either case) facilitates the implementation of any law or regulation referred to in paragraph (a) above; or
"FATCA" 指:(b)任何其他司法辖区的或与美国与任何其他司法辖区签订的政府间协议有关的任何条约、法律或条例,其(无论哪种情形)有利于上述(a)项提及的任何法律或条例的实施;或
例句4:
Neither Party hereto shall assign this Agreement or any of its rights and interests hereunder without the other Party’s prior written consent, which shall not be unreasonably withheld.
本协议任何一方未经另一方事先书面同意(该另一方不得无理拒绝同意),不得转让本协议或其在本协议项下的任何权利和权益。
当然,任何规律都不是一层不变的,下节我们将继续探讨有关定语从句翻译的灵活译法。
(学习更多翻译知识,可查看https://www.qidulp.com/)