01拆分英文长句,分主次合逻辑
英文法律文件中经常出现结构复杂的长句,在翻译过程中,应尽量符合汉语语言习惯,用短句厘清逻辑关系,避免译文过于冗长造成歧义。
例:
原文:The Parties agree that the term “confidential business information” concerns or relates to the trade secrets, processes, operations, style of works, or apparatus, or to the production, business transactions, or logistics, customer information, inventories, or amount or source of any income, profits, losses, or expenditures of any person, natural or legal, or other information of commercial value, the disclosure of which is likely to have the effect of causing substantial harm to the competitive position of such person from which the information was obtained.
译文:
双方同意,保密商务信息是涉及或与如下情况相关的信息:任何自然人或法人的商业秘密、流程、经营、作品风格或设备,或生产、商业交易,或物流、客户信息、库存,或收入、利润、损失或费用的金额或来源,或其他具备商业价值的信息,且披露上述信息可能对持有该信息的自然人或法人的竞争地位造成极大损害。
在上句中,不难看出,concerns or relates to…这一从句修饰的是“confidential business information”,英文常使用连词、介词、副词或者从句的形式表达句子中的逻辑关系,而在翻译成中文时,需要将长句拆分为短句,按照中文的逻辑思维习惯对各短句进行语序调整。
02勤查证法律术语的特定含义
由于法律文本较普通文本有其特殊性,在翻译过程中,从词语到句子,再到内容逻辑都需要特别细致。在法律文件中,特定词汇常具有特定含义,例如action(诉讼)、bill(法案)、damages(赔偿金)、interest(权益)、instrument(法律文件)等等,应注意特定词汇的涵义。
例:
原文:China shall establish a nationwide system for pharmaceutical products consistent with paragraph 1, including by providing a cause of action to allow the patent holder, licensee, or holder of marketing approval to seek, prior to the marketing approval of an allegedly infringing product, civil judicial proceedings and expeditious remedies for the resolution of disputes concerning the validity or infringement of an applicable patent.
译文:
中国应在全国范围内建立与上述第一段相符的药品相关制度,包括规定专利权人、被许可人或上市许可持有人有权在被指控侵权的产品获得上市许可前提起诉讼,就可适用专利的有效性或侵权的纠纷解决寻求民事司法程序和快速救济。
action一词常为行动,在上句中指法律行动,常译为诉讼;remedies一词常为补救措施,在上句中指救济。
03忠实表述原文
法律文件通常具有法律约束力,因此,在翻译的过程中,须忠于原文,译文做到准确、严谨,避免出现与原文意义不符的情况。
例:
原文:To further strengthen the protection of trade secrets, as well as better encourage various enterprises to innovate, China shall prohibit the unauthorized disclosure of undisclosed information, trade secrets, or confidential business information by government personnel or third party experts or advisors in any criminal, civil, administrative, or regulatory proceedings conducted at either the central or sub-central levels of government in which such information is submitted.
译文:
为进一步加强对商业秘密的保护,更好地鼓励各类企业创新,中国应禁止政府工作人员或第三方专家或顾问,未经授权披露在中央或地方政府层面刑事、民事、行政或监管程序中提交的未披露信息、商业秘密或保密商务信息。
上句中conducted at either the central or sub-central levels of government in which such information is submitted修饰in any criminal, civil, administrative, or regulatory proceedings,而整个状语从句乃修饰undisclosed information, trade secrets, or confidential business information,复杂的修饰和被修饰关系在法律文件中较为常见,译者须弄清句子里各个成分之间的相互关系,务求言简意赅地将原文意思表达清楚。
总结:法律文件翻译,不仅需要优秀的英语能力和法律知识,更需要具备逻辑推理能力,亦须熟悉行业和市场惯例,甚至东西方文化差异,译者在翻译过程中要做到追根溯源,查证核实。
文章来源:译问 https://www.qidulp.com/