“shall否定形式”的翻译，关键在于否定形式和哪一部分相关，是动词，主动词还是主语？

如

“A person shall not do X”可以解释为“某人有义务不做某事”(A person has an obligation not to do X).但是它也可以表达“某人没有义务做某事”(A person has no obligation to do X)。

“No person shall do X"可以解释为“某人有义务不做某事”(A person has an obligation not to do X),或“没有人有义务微某事”(No person has an obligation to do X).

shall在法律条文、合同条款中除在两种情况下可以不译外，主要可以被译成“须”“应”和“应当”等。但shall与not或其他否定形式(如用否定词no/neither开头的句子)连用时，一般不能顺其自然，译成“不须”“不应”或“不要”“不可”“不应当”，因为这几个词的意思在汉语里主要表示“建议”或“忠告”:在语用上，口语色彩较重，表示“禁止”的语气不够强烈；大量既定的权威性文献表明:shall not及类似否定式短句的最通常、最恰当的译法是“不得”，因为“不得”在汉语里与“禁止”一词同义，与法律英语中含shall的否定句所要表达的意思相同。

如

The rights and freedoms enjoyed by Hong Kong residents shall not be restricted unless as prescribed by law. Such restrictions shall not contravene the provisions of the preceding paragraph of this Article.

香港居民享有的权利和自由，除依法规定外不得限制，此种限制不得与本条第一款规定抵触

委员长、副委员长连续任职不得超过两届

The Chairman and Vice-Chairman of the Standing Committee shall serve no more than two consecutive terms.

No will shall be revoked by any presumption of an intention on the ground of an alteration in circumstances.

凡以情况有变为理由，而对立遗嘱作出推定者，该遗嘱不得因该项推定而撤销

参考《法律翻译理论及策略》曲艳红

来源：译问