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claim一词之释义

首先我们可以先了解下元照英美法词典对claim一词的中文释义:

 

(1)对……提出权利要求或权利主张;主张享有(权利)或拥有(财产)

(2)要求给予或占有;索取;认领

(3)要求赔偿;索赔

(4)宣称;声明;主张

(5)拥有;具有

 

1.要求索赔

 

请先看Lawsider对Claim一词的介绍:Claim means (i) any threatened, asserted, pending or completed claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative, investigative or other, and whether made pursuant to federal, state or other law; and (ii) any inquiry or investigation, whether made, instituted or conducted by the Company or any other Person, including, without limitation, any federal, state or other governmental entity, that Indemnitee reasonably determines might lead to the institution of any such claim, demand, action, suit or proceeding. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company intends indemnity to be provided hereunder in respect of acts or failure to act prior to, on or after the date hereof.

其定义了"claim"的范围,包括已经发生或正在进行的任何声称、要求、诉讼、诉讼程序,无论是民事、刑事、行政、仲裁、调查等,不论是根据联邦法、州法还是其他法律提出的。同时,也包括由公司或其他人进行的任何调查或调查,无论是联邦、州还是其他政府机构进行的。被保护方合理判断可能会导致提起此类索赔、要求、诉讼、诉讼程序的任何调查或调查也被包括在内。为了避免疑问,公司打算在此提供赔偿,以涵盖此日期之前、之日或之后的行为或不作为。

 

简而言之,这段话概括了"claim"的广泛范围,包括各种诉讼、要求、调查等,无论其性质和提起方,都可能需要提供赔偿。同时,被保护方在此约定下,对于此日期之前、之日或之后的行为或不作为也会提供赔偿。

 

以下是claim在一些常见的法律英语应用场景中的使用方式:

 

诉讼(Litigation):

 

"File a claim":提起诉讼,向法院提交起诉状。

"Defendant's counterclaim":被告的反诉,指被告对原告提出的权益主张或要求。

"Settle a claim":解决索赔,达成协议以终止诉讼。

 

合同(Contracts):

 

"Breach of contract claim":违约索赔,指合同一方声称对方违反合同规定并要求赔偿。

"Claim for specific performance":要求履行合同,当一方违约时,另一方要求法院强制执行合同的约定。

保险(Insurance):

 

"Insurance claim":保险理赔,指被保险人向保险公司提出索赔请求,要求获得根据保险合同规定的赔偿。

 

2.债权

 

在破产法中,"claim"(债权)是一个关键的术语,用于描述债务人欠债给债权人的法律权益。它涉及债权申报、分类、确认和处理等方面,对于确定债权人的权益和债务人的资产分配具有重要意义。针对此含义,可以了解一个术语:

 

Proof of Claim(债权申报)

 

Investopedia对其的英文解释为:A proof of claim is a form submitted by a creditor in order to receive money from a debtor who has filed for bankruptcy. The document provides notice of the claim to all of the other relevant parties involved in the bankruptcy, including the court, the debtor, and any other creditors.

 

Typically, all creditors, whether they are owed secured or unsecured debts, should file a proof of claim in order to have a chance for recouping all or at least some of the amount they are due. Creditors could include suppliers that have sold equipment or other goods to the debtor or parties that have performed a service and have yet to be paid.

 

简而言之,Proof of Claim是债权人为了从申请破产的债务人那里收取款项而提交的一种表格,用于向各方通知债权存在,并为债权人有机会收回所欠金额提供机制。

 

3.(灾难事故等)夺走,夺去(生命)

 

在时事英文中,claim也常用来表示天灾或意外夺走人命。

 

例如:

A factory fire broke out in the Daya District of Taichung on October 3, claiming the lives of two firefighters.

十月三日位于台中大雅区的一处工厂发生大火,造成两名消防弟兄不幸罹难。

 

4.创下某成绩或纪录/夺下了某头衔

 

新闻媒体报导运动赛事时,则常用claim表示某选手或队伍夺下了某头衔或创下某成绩或纪录。

 

例如:

Japan’s Olympic team returned home to a hero’s welcome after claiming 13 medals, including four golds, at the Pyeongchang Winter Games, marking a record high for the country in the history of the Winter Olympics.

日本平昌冬奥国家代表队凯旋归国,这次日本拿下冬奥史上最佳纪录13面金牌,包括4面金牌。

 

5.认领

 

有出国经验的人,应该都有在机场领取行李的经验,我们可以用claim one’s baggage表达这个概念,claim在此有认领的意思,也就是旅客们要拿走属于自己的行李。

例如:

The police said that if no one claims the watch, you can keep it.

警察说如果没有人来认领这只手表,你就可以留着它。

 

来源:译问

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